VAT Calculator

How it works

VAT (Value Added Tax) is a percentage added to the price of most goods and services. This calculator uses the same price field in both directions, depending on which tab you select:

Add VAT (price excludes VAT). You enter a price that doesn't include VAT yet, and the calculator adds it on top:

VAT amount = net price × rate / 100
gross price = net price + VAT amount

Remove VAT (price includes VAT). You enter a price that already includes VAT — for example, from a receipt or a price tag — and the calculator works backward to find the pre-VAT price:

net price = gross price / (1 + rate / 100)
VAT amount = gross price − net price

In both directions, amounts are handled internally as whole minor currency units (pence, cents, kuruş) rather than decimals, and rounded half-up (a tie rounds away from zero) at each step. When removing VAT, the VAT amount is always calculated as the difference between the gross and net price rather than rounded on its own, so the three numbers you see always add up exactly.

The rate itself depends on both the country and, within a country, on what's being sold. This calculator supports three countries, each with its own rates for 2026:

| Country | Standard | Reduced | Other | |---|---|---|---| | United Kingdom | 20% | 5% | 0% (zero-rated) | | Germany | 19% | 7% | — | | Turkey | 20% | 10% | 1% (super-reduced) |

In the UK, the standard 20% rate applies to most goods and services. A 5% reduced rate covers items such as domestic energy and children's car seats. A 0% zero rate applies to most food, books, newspapers, and children's clothing — zero-rated supplies are still technically within the VAT system (a VAT-registered business can still reclaim VAT on its own costs), which is what sets them apart from goods that are fully exempt from VAT.

In Germany, the 19% standard rate (Regelsatz) covers most transactions, while the reduced 7% rate applies to items such as food, books, and local public transport.

In Turkey, the 20% standard rate is the default for most goods and services. A 10% reduced rate applies to a narrower set of goods and services, and a 1% super-reduced rate applies to a very narrow group of goods. Which item falls under which rate is set by the VAT Law and the rate list in the presidential decrees, so confirm your product with the Turkish Revenue Administration.

Because the same type of product can sit in a different rate band from one country to the next — and because rates and category lists do change over time — always confirm the rate that applies to your specific item with the relevant tax authority rather than assuming a category from one country carries over to another.

Examples

Adding VAT (UK, standard rate). A service costs £80 before VAT. At the UK's 20% standard rate, the VAT is £80 × 20 / 100 = £16, so the price including VAT is £80 + £16 = £96.

Removing VAT (UK, standard rate). A receipt shows a total of £120, VAT included, at the standard rate. The price excluding VAT is £120 / 1.20 = £100, so the VAT portion is £120 − £100 = £20.

Things to watch for

• Only 2026 rates are used. VAT rates and category rules change over time in every country covered here; this calculator doesn't apply historical rates or track mid-year rate changes.
• The rate depends on the product, not just the country. Reduced, super-reduced, and zero rates apply to specific categories of goods and services (see the table above) — picking the wrong rate for your item gives a technically correct calculation based on the wrong number. When in doubt, check with your country's tax authority.
• This is general information, not tax advice. It doesn't account for business-specific VAT registration status, exemptions, or cross-border rules. See our Disclaimer page for more on this.
• Switching countries doesn't change a price you've already typed — only the country and rate you're calculating with change, so you can compare the same price under different rates without retyping it.
• Everything runs in your browser. The price you enter is never sent to a server; the calculation happens locally on your device.

If you need a plain percentage rather than VAT specifically, the Percentage Calculator handles percent-of, percentage change, and increase/decrease. If you're also applying a sale discount to a price, the Discount Calculator works out the discounted price separately.